How to Prevent Falls and Fractures in the Elderly

By Dr. Vinayaraj M. Kelagadi | Orthopedic & Joint Replacement Surgeon | Kossin Care, Bangalore

Falls and fractures are among the most common and dangerous health risks for older adults. As we age, our bones become weaker, balance reduces, and even a minor slip can lead to serious injuries such as hip fractures, spine fractures, wrist fractures, or head injuries. The good news is that many fall-related injuries are preventable with the right awareness, lifestyle modifications, and timely medical care.

In this blog, Dr. Vinayaraj Kelagadi, one of the best orthopedic and spine specialists in Bangalore & Kalyan Nagar, explains practical steps to reduce fall risks and protect bone health in the elderly.

Why Are Elderly People More at Risk of Falls?

Several age-related changes increase the chances of falling:

• Weak bones (osteoporosis)

• Muscle loss (sarcopenia)

• Poor balance and reduced reflexes

• Vision problems

• Joint pain or arthritis

• Medications that cause dizziness

• Neurological conditions like stroke or Parkinson’s disease

Understanding these risk factors helps in planning proper fall-prevention strategies.

Top Strategies to Prevent Falls & Fractures in the Elderly

. Strengthen Bones With the Right Nutrition

Bone health weakens after the age of 50, especially in women. Proper nutrition can significantly reduce fracture risk.

Key Nutrients:

• Calcium: milk, curd, ragi, leafy greens, almonds

• Vitamin D: sunlight exposure, supplements

• Protein: dals, eggs, milk, nuts, lean meats

• Magnesium & Vitamin K for bone metabolism

Dr. Vinayaraj recommends annual bone-density tests for seniors to detect osteoporosis early and prevent fractures.

Falls and fractures in the elderly are not accidents of age—they are preventable events. With timely care, stronger bones, and a safer environment, we can protect our seniors and preserve their independence. – Dr. Vinayaraj M. Kelagadi

2. Ensure a Safe Home Environment

Most elderly falls happen inside the house. Simple modifications go a long way.

Home Safety Checklist:

• Remove loose rugs and clutter

• Install grab bars in bathrooms

• Use anti-skid mats

• Ensure proper lighting in all rooms

• Keep frequently used items within easy reach

• Use sturdy, non-slip footwear

• Avoid walking on wet floors

A safe home is one of the strongest defenses against falls.

3. Encourage Regular Exercise

Light physical activity improves balance, strengthens muscles, and enhances confidence in movement.

Recommended Exercises:

• Walking

• Chair exercises

• Mild yoga

• Tai Chi

• Strength training with supervision

• Balance exercises

A physiotherapist or orthopedic doctor can guide personalised routines for seniors with joint pain or mobility restrictions.

4. Check Vision and Hearing Regularly

Poor eyesight or hearing issues can cause missteps.Annual eye check-ups and timely use of spectacles help improve balance and spatial awareness.

5. Review Medications With a Doctor

Certain medications (for BP, diabetes, sleep, anxiety) may cause dizziness or drowsiness.A doctor can review and adjust the dosage to minimise fall risk.

6. Manage Joint Problems & Chronic Pain

Conditions such as knee arthritis, hip arthritis, spine issues, nerve compression, and osteoporosis significantly increase the chance of falling.

Early treatment options include:

• Physiotherapy

• Orthotic supports

• Medications

• Vitamin D/Calcium supplements

• Minimally invasive procedures

• Joint replacement surgery (if needed)

Dr. Vinayaraj Kelagadi specialises in advanced orthopedic treatments, helping seniors improve mobility safely.

7. Use Assistive Devices When Needed

Walking sticks, walkers, and supportive footwear provide extra stability.Choosing the right device under the guidance of an orthopedic specialist prevents unnecessary strain.

8. Prevent Osteoporosis-Related Fractures

Osteoporosis is the silent cause behind most hip and spine fractures in the elderly.

Tips to Prevent Osteoporotic Fractures:

• Get a DEXA Scan every 1–2 years

• Maintain vitamin D levels

• Take prescribed osteoporosis medication

• Avoid sudden twisting or bending movements

Red Flags That Require Immediate Medical Attention

Seek urgent orthopedic evaluation if an elderly person shows:

• Frequent falls

• Sudden back pain

• Difficulty walking

• Loss of balance

• Dizziness or weakness

• Pain in hips, knee, shoulder or spine

Early diagnosis prevents long-term disability.

Falls Are Preventable; Protect Bone Health Early

Fall prevention is a combination of lifestyle changes, home safety, good nutrition, regular health check-ups, and expert orthopedic care. With timely intervention, the elderly can enjoy an active, independent and safe life.

For expert guidance, advanced bone health assessment, arthritis care, and fall-prevention counseling, you may consult:

Dr. Vinayaraj M. KelagadiOrthopedic, Joint Replacement & Spine SpecialistKossin Care, Kalyan Nagar, Bangalore Trusted Orthopedic Doctor for Joint Pain, Spine Care & Bone Health